Obvious stable-condition lasers based upon laser crystals are compact and light-weight. Lasers from deep red to blue have been claimed. Specially, there were loads of studies on Pr3+ doped laser crystals, and continual wave lasers all around 490 nm are already achieved. Ti∶sapphire is the principle acquire crystal for ultrafast lasers. Superintense ultrafast lasers with peak energy starting from numerous hundred terawatts to ten petawatts have to have significant-high-quality and huge-sized Ti∶sapphire crystal. The origin of defect similar optical absorption in Ti∶sapphire and the growth of large-sized higher-high-quality crystals are two important issues that urgently should be addressed. In recent times, we analyzed the mechanism of defect linked optical absorption in Ti∶sapphire theoretically, and grew huge-sized large-high-quality crystals by way of heat exchange technique. The key activating ions for 1 μm laser crystals are Nd3+ and Yb3+. Nd∶YAG may be the most widely made use of laser crystal. Recently, we explored a number of new Nd3+ doped fluoride and oxide laser crystals, and solved the emission cross part problem of Nd∶Lu3Al5O12. SIOM noted a whole new form of laser crystal Yb∶GdScO3, of which the achieve bandwidth is about eighty five nm. The normally utilized activation ions for two μm laser crystals are Tm3+ and Ho3+. Tm3+ is often immediately pumped by laser diode. Ho3+ has much larger stimulated emission cross portion, and its emission wavelength is more time than two μm. We examined The expansion, spectroscopy, and laser efficiency of Tm∶LiYF4, Tm∶LiLuF4, Ho∶LiYF4, Tm,Ho∶LiYF4, and Tm,Ho∶LiLuF4 crystals.

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为了使激光器有效运作，需要有效管理运行过程中产生的热量。具有良好热导率的激光晶体可以更有效地散热，防止热透镜效应或断裂。

激光晶体中活性离子的作用是什么？ 活性离子在激光晶体中负责通过受激发射产生激光光线。

Which geometry, dopant and doping concentration in the obtain medium are most advantageous depend on a number of click here elements. The accessible pump source (form of laser diode or lamp) plus the envisaged pumping arrangement are essential aspects, but the material by itself also has some influence. For example, titanium–sapphire lasers ought to be pumped with substantial intensities, for which the form of a transversely cooled rod, operated with fairly small pump and laser beam diameter, is much more suitable than e.

GWU provides all frequent laser crystals (Nd:YVO4, Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG and so forth.) by using a broad assortment of specs. Aside from the very well-recognized resources, modern crystals with fantastic Qualities like Yb:CALGO can open new horizons for demanding laser applications. No matter regardless of whether person parts for R & D reasons are required or Charge-productive figures in smaller, medium or huge batches with in-time supply to the output line are necessary: GWU’s focused services helps you to locate the best core parts for your personal application.

活性离子在激光晶体内发生的能量跃迁对激光操作至关重要。大多数激光操作都是通过四能级系统原理进行的，确保连续操作并防止浪费的非辐射衰变。

The maximum probable doping concentration can count strongly around the host product and its fabrication approach.

The host crystal is considerably more than simply a way to fix the laser-active ions at certain positions in Room. Several Qualities in the host materials are very important:

量子效率是发射光子数量与吸收光子数量的比率。高量子效率表明更大部分吸收能量被转化为激光光束，有助于提高激光的整体效率。

All those surfaces which might be passed by the laser beam are Commonly both oriented at Brewster's angle or have an anti-reflection coating.

材料 激光晶体 晶体生长 光学性能 稀土离子 过渡族离子 elements laser crystal crystal growth optical efficiency exceptional earth ions changeover team ions 

For several good reasons, composite crystals have gotten common. These Possess a spatially different chemical composition and might be created with Unique styles.

There is certainly a wide array of crystalline media, which can be grouped according to important atomic constituents and crystalline structures. Some crucial teams of crystals are:

人造红宝石激光晶体是首次实现激光输出的材料。可用焰熔法、提拉法或助熔剂法生产单晶。用提拉法容易获得大尺寸优质晶体。